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Chilcot calls for open Iraq inquiry
By James Blitz, Defence and Diplomatic Editor
Published: June 22 2009 22:03 Last updated: June 22 2009 22:03
Sir John Chilcot, the former civil servant entrusted to conduct an independent inquiry into the Iraq war, said on Monday that as much of it as possible must be conducted in public.
In a move that formally reverses the government’s decision last week to hold the inquest in secret, Sir John wrote to Gordon Brown saying it was “essential” to hold as much of the proceedings as possible in open session, “consistent with the need to protect national security”.
Writing to Mr Brown, Sir John spelled out for the first time how he intends to conduct the inquiry. He indicated that there will be three phases to his investigation, which is expected to last at least a year.
The first phase will be a session with the families of soldiers who were killed or injured in the Iraq war. Sir John said the families of victims should have “an early opportunity to express their views about the nature and procedures of the inquiry, and to express them either in public or in private, as they prefer”.
The second phase will be evidence-gathering sessions in which Sir John and the inquiry team will go through the huge quantity of official paperwork relating to the war over an eight-year period. Sir John made clear that this phase would necessarily be in private and establish the inquiry’s line of questioning when it meets witnesses.
Finally, there will be evidence sessions from key witnesses which, as far as possible, will be in public. Sir John emphasised in his letter to Mr Brown the need “to ensure and enable complete candour in the oral and written evidence from witnesses”.
One of the criticisms made by senior figures in the armed forces last week was that none of the members of the inquiry team – which will have to judge how Britain conducted operations in Iraq – is from a military background.
Sir John said, however, that the inquiry will be assisted by “expert assessors at the highest level, including in military, legal, and international development and reconstruction matters”.
Sir John added he had already begun to identify people who might be willing to serve in that capacity.
Some MPs last week suggested Sir John should produce an interim report, possibly on the origins of the Iraq war, that could come out before the next election, expected in May 2010.
Sir John effectively ruled this out, however.
“It seems to me clear that the causes and effects of particular phases of these events cannot simply be divided up so as to separate clearly one period from another,” he said.
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2009
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6370948c-5f58-11de-93d1-00144feabdc0.html
Update:
Sir John Chilcot's reply to Gordon Brown has been published:
From: The Rt Hon Sir John Chilcot GCB
To: The Prime Minister
10 Downing Street
London SW1A 2AA
21 June 2009
Dear Prime Minster,
Thank you for your letter of 17 June about the Iraq Inquiry. I am grateful for your assurance of the Government’s commitment to a thorough and independent inquiry, and for the steps that have already been taken with former and current Ministers, and Departments, to ensure full cooperation, transparency and access to government documents. I welcome the fact that I and my colleagues are free to decide independently how best to fulfil our remit.
I am for my part wholly committed to the search for the lessons to be learned for the future from events and experience of the last seven and more years, to uphold the integrity of the process of inquiry and the need to ensure public confidence in it, and to ensure complete candour and openness from witnesses while protecting national security. I will indeed, as you suggest, examine how best, given the non-judicial nature of the Inquiry, a formal undertaking can be given by witnesses that their contributions will be complete, truthful and accurate.
If a judicial inquiry, or a statutory Tribunal of Inquiry, had been established, then I would not have been asked to take on this responsibility. That would have required an extended process, with legal representation for the tribunal, witnesses, and other interested parties. That is not what we have been asked to conduct. To find without extended delay the key lessons for the future from the Iraq experience is however something I believe is well worthwhile.
I have as you suggested begun a process of consultation with the Leaders of the main Opposition parties, and with the Chairs of the relevant Parliamentary Select Committees (Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Public Administration as well as the Intelligence and Security Committee). I see this as helping the Inquiry to decide how best we can structure our procedures to fulfil our remit and meet the objectives we have been set. When these consultations have been completed, I expect to be in a position, having taken them fully into account, to say in more detail how we will propose to take the Inquiry forward.
As part of that, it will, I wholeheartedly agree, be essential to ensure that the families of those who gave their lives in Iraq, or were seriously affected by the conflict, have an early opportunity to express their views about the nature and procedures of the Inquiry, and to express them either in public or in private as they prefer, That will be important in helping us to decide how to go about the task, and explain what we are going to do.
I have also concluded that the Inquiry will need expert assessors at the highest level, including in military, legal, and international development and reconstruction matters, and I have already begun to identify people who may be willing to serve in that capacity. Then, when we have settled on how we are going to go about the Inquiry, I am sure it is right that we should explain this in open session.
More broadly, I believe it will be essential to hold as much of the proceedings of the Inquiry as possible in public, consistent with the need to protect national security and to ensure and enable complete candour in the oral and written evidence from witnesses.
One important point which has not received much public notice so far is that examining and analysing the very large body of existing documentary evidence, stretching over seven or more years, will necessarily occupy a significant part of the time available to the Inquiry, especially in the early stages, and by definition that part of the process cannot be conducted in public sessions. The results of that examination and analysis will, however, be crucial in guiding the selection of witnesses and the detailed questions that will then need to be answered. I expect our report will publish all the relevant evidence except where national security considerations prevent that.
A particular suggestion which has been made is that the Inquiry might make an interim report, possibly on the run-up to the war, or up to the moment when the coalition assumed responsibility for Iraq’s internal affairs. While I do not rule out the possibility, it seems to me clear that the causes and effects of particular phases of these events cannot simply be divided up so as to separate clearly one period from another. To take one obvious example, the existence or otherwise of weapons of mass destruction could not be established with any reliability until well after the conflict phase, after the work of the Iraq Survey Group and others had gone as far as it could, while before the event the outstanding possibility had significant implications for the military deployment into the initial conflict phase.
Because we will need to give careful attention to what comes out of the consultation processes I have outlined, I am, as I said, not yet in a position to state in more detail exactly how we will conduct the Inquiry. It is however already clear to me that as much as possible of the work of the Inquiry as is consistent with fulfilling our remit should be conducted, or explained, in public.
Yours sincerely,
Sir John Chilcot
http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Politics/documents/2009/06/24/browntochilcot.doc
Chilcot calls for open Iraq inquiry
By James Blitz, Defence and Diplomatic Editor
Published: June 22 2009 22:03 Last updated: June 22 2009 22:03
Sir John Chilcot, the former civil servant entrusted to conduct an independent inquiry into the Iraq war, said on Monday that as much of it as possible must be conducted in public.
In a move that formally reverses the government’s decision last week to hold the inquest in secret, Sir John wrote to Gordon Brown saying it was “essential” to hold as much of the proceedings as possible in open session, “consistent with the need to protect national security”.
Writing to Mr Brown, Sir John spelled out for the first time how he intends to conduct the inquiry. He indicated that there will be three phases to his investigation, which is expected to last at least a year.
The first phase will be a session with the families of soldiers who were killed or injured in the Iraq war. Sir John said the families of victims should have “an early opportunity to express their views about the nature and procedures of the inquiry, and to express them either in public or in private, as they prefer”.
The second phase will be evidence-gathering sessions in which Sir John and the inquiry team will go through the huge quantity of official paperwork relating to the war over an eight-year period. Sir John made clear that this phase would necessarily be in private and establish the inquiry’s line of questioning when it meets witnesses.
Finally, there will be evidence sessions from key witnesses which, as far as possible, will be in public. Sir John emphasised in his letter to Mr Brown the need “to ensure and enable complete candour in the oral and written evidence from witnesses”.
One of the criticisms made by senior figures in the armed forces last week was that none of the members of the inquiry team – which will have to judge how Britain conducted operations in Iraq – is from a military background.
Sir John said, however, that the inquiry will be assisted by “expert assessors at the highest level, including in military, legal, and international development and reconstruction matters”.
Sir John added he had already begun to identify people who might be willing to serve in that capacity.
Some MPs last week suggested Sir John should produce an interim report, possibly on the origins of the Iraq war, that could come out before the next election, expected in May 2010.
Sir John effectively ruled this out, however.
“It seems to me clear that the causes and effects of particular phases of these events cannot simply be divided up so as to separate clearly one period from another,” he said.
Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2009
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6370948c-5f58-11de-93d1-00144feabdc0.html
Update:
Sir John Chilcot's reply to Gordon Brown has been published:
From: The Rt Hon Sir John Chilcot GCB
To: The Prime Minister
10 Downing Street
London SW1A 2AA
21 June 2009
Dear Prime Minster,
Thank you for your letter of 17 June about the Iraq Inquiry. I am grateful for your assurance of the Government’s commitment to a thorough and independent inquiry, and for the steps that have already been taken with former and current Ministers, and Departments, to ensure full cooperation, transparency and access to government documents. I welcome the fact that I and my colleagues are free to decide independently how best to fulfil our remit.
I am for my part wholly committed to the search for the lessons to be learned for the future from events and experience of the last seven and more years, to uphold the integrity of the process of inquiry and the need to ensure public confidence in it, and to ensure complete candour and openness from witnesses while protecting national security. I will indeed, as you suggest, examine how best, given the non-judicial nature of the Inquiry, a formal undertaking can be given by witnesses that their contributions will be complete, truthful and accurate.
If a judicial inquiry, or a statutory Tribunal of Inquiry, had been established, then I would not have been asked to take on this responsibility. That would have required an extended process, with legal representation for the tribunal, witnesses, and other interested parties. That is not what we have been asked to conduct. To find without extended delay the key lessons for the future from the Iraq experience is however something I believe is well worthwhile.
I have as you suggested begun a process of consultation with the Leaders of the main Opposition parties, and with the Chairs of the relevant Parliamentary Select Committees (Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Public Administration as well as the Intelligence and Security Committee). I see this as helping the Inquiry to decide how best we can structure our procedures to fulfil our remit and meet the objectives we have been set. When these consultations have been completed, I expect to be in a position, having taken them fully into account, to say in more detail how we will propose to take the Inquiry forward.
As part of that, it will, I wholeheartedly agree, be essential to ensure that the families of those who gave their lives in Iraq, or were seriously affected by the conflict, have an early opportunity to express their views about the nature and procedures of the Inquiry, and to express them either in public or in private as they prefer, That will be important in helping us to decide how to go about the task, and explain what we are going to do.
I have also concluded that the Inquiry will need expert assessors at the highest level, including in military, legal, and international development and reconstruction matters, and I have already begun to identify people who may be willing to serve in that capacity. Then, when we have settled on how we are going to go about the Inquiry, I am sure it is right that we should explain this in open session.
More broadly, I believe it will be essential to hold as much of the proceedings of the Inquiry as possible in public, consistent with the need to protect national security and to ensure and enable complete candour in the oral and written evidence from witnesses.
One important point which has not received much public notice so far is that examining and analysing the very large body of existing documentary evidence, stretching over seven or more years, will necessarily occupy a significant part of the time available to the Inquiry, especially in the early stages, and by definition that part of the process cannot be conducted in public sessions. The results of that examination and analysis will, however, be crucial in guiding the selection of witnesses and the detailed questions that will then need to be answered. I expect our report will publish all the relevant evidence except where national security considerations prevent that.
A particular suggestion which has been made is that the Inquiry might make an interim report, possibly on the run-up to the war, or up to the moment when the coalition assumed responsibility for Iraq’s internal affairs. While I do not rule out the possibility, it seems to me clear that the causes and effects of particular phases of these events cannot simply be divided up so as to separate clearly one period from another. To take one obvious example, the existence or otherwise of weapons of mass destruction could not be established with any reliability until well after the conflict phase, after the work of the Iraq Survey Group and others had gone as far as it could, while before the event the outstanding possibility had significant implications for the military deployment into the initial conflict phase.
Because we will need to give careful attention to what comes out of the consultation processes I have outlined, I am, as I said, not yet in a position to state in more detail exactly how we will conduct the Inquiry. It is however already clear to me that as much as possible of the work of the Inquiry as is consistent with fulfilling our remit should be conducted, or explained, in public.
Yours sincerely,
Sir John Chilcot
http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Politics/documents/2009/06/24/browntochilcot.doc
posted by Andrew Simon at 10:56 PM
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